This is a list of

civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...

s and organized

civil disorder Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, or social unrest is a situation arising from a mass act of civil disobedience (such as a demonstration, riot, strike, or unlawful assembly) in which law enforcement has difficulty ...

, revolts and rebellions in

ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 B ...

(

Roman Kingdom The Roman Kingdom (also referred to as the Roman monarchy, or the regal period of ancient Rome) was the earliest period of Roman history when the city and its territory were ruled by kings. According to oral accounts, the Roman Kingdom began wi ...

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kin ...

, and

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

) until the fall of the

Western Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire comprised the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court; in particular, this term is used in historiography to describe the period fr ...

(753 BCE – 476 CE). For the Eastern Roman Empire or

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

after the division of the Empire in West and East, see

List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars This is a list of civil wars or other internal civil conflicts fought during the history of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (330–1453). The definition of organized civil unrest is any conflict that was fought within the borders of the By ...

(330–1453). For external conflicts, see

List of Roman wars and battles The following is a List of Roman wars and battles fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire against external enemies, organized by date. For civil wars, revolts and rebellions, see List of Roman civil wars and revolts. ...

3rd century BC

* 241 BC:

Falisci Falisci ( grc, Φαλίσκοι, ''Phaliskoi'') is the ancient Roman exonym for an Italic tribe who lived in what is now northern Lazio, on the Etruscan side of the Tiber River. They spoke an Italic language, Faliscan, closely akin to Latin. ...

revolt – revolt suppressed * 216–203 BC: Defection of Rome's Italian allies to the Carthaginians during the

Second Punic War The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily in Ital ...

2nd century BC

* 135–132 BC:

First Servile War The First Servile War of 135–132 BC was a slave rebellion against the Roman Republic, which took place in Sicily. The revolt started in 135 when Eunus, a slave from Syria who claimed to be a prophet, captured the city of Enna in the middle o ...

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

- revolt suppressed * 125 BC: Fregellae revolt - revolt suppressed * 104–100 BC:

Second Servile War The Second Servile War was an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic on the island of Sicily. The war lasted from 104 BC until 100 BC. Background The Consul Gaius Marius was recruiting soldiers for the war against the Cimbri an ...

in Sicily - revolt suppressed

1st century BC

* 91–87 BC: Social War, between Rome and many of its fellow Italian allies - Roman victory. * 88 BC:

Sulla Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (; 138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history and became the first man of the Republic to seize power through force. Sulla had ...

's march on Rome, causing his enemy,

Gaius Marius Gaius Marius (; – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important refor ...

, to be outlawed * 87 BC: ''

Bellum Octavianum The (Latin for 'War of Octavius') was a civil war of the Roman Republic, fought in 87 BC between the two consuls of that year, Gnaeus Octavius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna. Cicero gave it its name after the consul Octavius.Cicero, ''Philippics ''3 ...

'', civil war between the consuls Cornelius Cinna and Octavius – Cinnan victory. * 83–81 BC:

Sulla's civil war Sulla's civil war was fought between the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla and his opponents, the Cinna-Marius faction (usually called the Marians or the Cinnans after their former leaders Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna), in the ye ...

, fought between Sulla and Cinna's supporters – Sullan victory. * 80–72 BC:

Sertorian War The Sertorian War was a civil war fought from 80 to 72 BC between a faction of Roman rebels ( Sertorians) and the government in Rome ( Sullans). The war was fought on the Iberian Peninsula (called ''Hispania'' by the Romans) and was one of the ...

between Rome and the provinces of

Hispania Hispania ( la, Hispānia , ; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania ...

under the leadership of

Quintus Sertorius Quintus Sertorius (c. 126 – 73 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who led a large-scale rebellion against the Roman Senate on the Iberian peninsula. He had been a prominent member of the populist faction of Cinna and Marius. During the l ...

, a former supporter of Marius and Cinna – Sullan victory. * 77 BC: Lepidus' rebellion against the Sullan regime – Sullan victory. * 73–71 BC:

Third Servile War The Third Servile War, also called the Gladiator War and the War of Spartacus by Plutarch, was the last in a series of slave rebellions against the Roman Republic known as the Servile Wars. This third rebellion was the only one that directly ...

in Italy – revolt suppressed. * 63–62 BC: Catiline Conspiracy between the Senate and the dissatisfied followers of

Catiline Lucius Sergius Catilina ( 108 BC – January 62 BC), known in English as Catiline (), was a Roman politician and soldier. He is best known for instigating the Catilinarian conspiracy, a failed attempt to violently seize control of the R ...

– Senatorial victory. * 49–45 BC:

Caesar's Civil War Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was one of the last politico-military conflicts of the Roman Republic before its reorganization into the Roman Empire. It began as a series of political and military confrontations between Gaius Julius Caesar and ...

between

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

and the

Optimates Optimates (; Latin for "best ones", ) and populares (; Latin for "supporters of the people", ) are labels applied to politicians, political groups, traditions, strategies, or ideologies in the late Roman Republic. There is "heated academic dis ...

initially led by Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) – Caesarian victory. * 46 BC: Revolt of the

Bellovaci The Bellovaci (Gaulish: ''Bellouacoi'') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Picardy region, near the present-day city of Beauvais, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. After they were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, they gave lukewarm ...

in North-Eastern Gaul – revolt suppressed * 44 BC: Revolt of the

Allobroges The Allobroges (Gaulish: *''Allobrogis'', 'foreigner, exiled'; grc, Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες) were a Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period. ...

in Gaul – revolt suppressed * 44–43 BC: Post-Caesarian Civil War between the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

's army (led first by

Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the estab ...

and then by

Octavian Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...

) and the army of Antony, Lepidus, and their colleagues – Truce results in union of forces. * 44–42 BC:

Liberators' civil war The Liberators' civil war (43–42 BC) was started by the Second Triumvirate to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination. The war was fought by the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (the Second Triumvirate members) against the forces of Caesar's ...

between the

Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created for Mark Antony, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Octavian to give them practically absolute power. It was formally constituted by law on 27 November 43 BC with a ...

and the Liberators (

Brutus Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Serv ...

and Cassius, Caesar's assassins) – Triumvirate victory. * 44–36 BC:

Bellum Siculum The Suetonius, ''Divus Augustus'' 9 (Latin for "Sicilian War") was an Ancient Roman civil war waged between 42 BC and 36 BC by the forces of the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey, the last surviving son of Pompey the Great and the last l ...

, war between the

(particularly Octavian and

Agrippa Agrippa may refer to: People Antiquity * Agrippa (mythology), semi-mythological king of Alba Longa * Agrippa (astronomer), Greek astronomer from the late 1st century * Agrippa the Skeptic, Skeptic philosopher at the end of the 1st century * Agri ...

) and

Sextus Pompey Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius ( 67 – 35 BC), also known in English as Sextus Pompey, was a Roman military leader who, throughout his life, upheld the cause of his father, Pompey the Great, against Julius Caesar and his supporters during the last ...

, the son of Pompey – Triumvirate victory. * 41–40 BC:

Perusine War The Perusine War (also Perusian or Perusinian War, or the War of Perusia) was a civil war of the Roman Republic, which lasted from 41 to 40 BC. It was fought by Lucius Antonius and Fulvia to support Mark Antony against his political enemy Octav ...

between the forces of Octavian against Lucius Antonius and

Fulvia Fulvia (; c. 83 BC – 40 BC) was an aristocratic Roman woman who lived during the Late Roman Republic. Fulvia's birth into an important political dynasty facilitated her relationships and, later on, marriages to Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gai ...

(the younger brother and wife of Mark Antony) – Octavian victory. * 38 BC: Revolt of Aquitanian tribes – revolt suppressed by

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; BC – 12 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, and architect who was a close friend, son-in-law, and lieutenant to the Roman emperor Augustus. He was responsible for the construction of some of the most notable buildi ...

* 32–30 BC:

War of Actium The War of Actium (32–30 BC) was the last civil war of the Roman Republic, fought between Mark Antony (assisted by Cleopatra and by extension Ptolemaic Egypt) and Octavian. In 32 BC, Octavian convinced the Roman Senate to declare war on the E ...

between Octavian and his friend and general Agrippa against Antony and

Cleopatra Cleopatra VII Philopator ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ}, "Cleopatra the father-beloved"; 69 BC10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler.She was also a ...

– Octavian victory. * 30–29 BC: Revolt of the

Morini The Morini (Gaulish: "sea folk, sailors") were a Belgic coastal tribe dwelling in the modern Pas de Calais region, around present-day Boulogne-sur-Mer, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Morini'' by Caesar ( ...

and

Treveri The Trēverī (Gaulish: *''Trēueroi'') were a Celtic tribe of the Belgae group who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their displacement by the Franks. Their domain lay within the southern fringe ...

in Northern Gaul with Germanic support – revolt suppressed * 30 BC: Revolt in the

Nile delta The Nile Delta ( ar, دلتا النيل, or simply , is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest river deltas—from Alexandria in the west to Po ...

and the

Thebaid The Thebaid or Thebais ( grc-gre, Θηβαΐς, ''Thēbaïs'') was a region in ancient Egypt, comprising the 13 southernmost nomes of Upper Egypt, from Abydos to Aswan. Pharaonic history The Thebaid acquired its name from its proximity to ...

– revolt suppressed by

Gaius Cornelius Gallus Gaius Cornelius Gallus (c. 70 – 26 BC) was a Roman poet, orator and politician. Birthplace The identity of Gallus' purported birthplace, '' Forum Iulii'', is still uncertain, and it is based on the epithet "Foroiuliensis" that Jerome gave to h ...

* 28–27 BC: Revolt in

Gallia Aquitania Gallia Aquitania ( , ), also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire. It lies in present-day southwest France, where it gives its name to the modern region of Aquitaine. It was bordered by the provinces of Gallia ...

– revolt suppressed by

Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (64 BC – AD 8 or c. 12) was a Roman general, author, and patron of literature and art. Family Corvinus was the son of the consul in 61 BC, Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger,Syme, R., ''Augustan Aristocracy'', ...

* 13 BC: Revolt of Vologases, priest of

Dionysus In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus (; grc, Διόνυσος ) is the god of the grape-harvest, winemaking, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, festivity, and theatre. The Romans ...

, in

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to t ...

– revolt suppressed * 11–9 BC: Revolt of southern mountain tribes in Thrace – revolt suppressed by Calpurnius Piso * 4 BC: Revolt of Jews in

Judea Judea or Judaea ( or ; from he, יהודה, Hebrew language#Modern Hebrew, Standard ''Yəhūda'', Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian ''Yehūḏā''; el, Ἰουδαία, ; la, Iūdaea) is an ancient, historic, Biblical Hebrew, contemporaneous L ...

– revolt suppressed by Publius Quinctilius Varus

1st century

* 3–6: Revolt of the Gaetuli in

Mauretania Mauretania (; ) is the Latin name for a region in the ancient Maghreb. It stretched from central present-day Algeria westwards to the Atlantic, covering northern present-day Morocco, and southward to the Atlas Mountains. Its native inhabitants, ...

– revolt suppressed by

Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus was a Roman senator and general, who was consul in 1 BC with Lucius Calpurnius Piso the Augur as his colleague. Originally born Cossus Cornelius Lentulus, Gaetulicus was a member of the patrician Lentulus bra ...

* 6: Revolt of

Judas of Galilee Judas of Galilee, or Judas of Gamala, was a Jewish leader who led resistance to the census imposed for Roman tax purposes by Quirinius in Judea Province around 6 CE. He encouraged Jews not to register and those that did had their houses burnt an ...

against Roman taxation – revolt suppressed * 6–9:

Bellum Batonianum The ( Latin for 'War of the Batos') was a military conflict fought in the Roman province of Illyricum in the 1st century AD, in which an alliance of native peoples of the two regions of Illyricum, Dalmatia and Pannonia, revolted against the R ...

, a great rebellion in Illyricum against Rome – revolt suppressed by

Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...

* 9: Revolt by German leader

Arminius Arminius ( 18/17 BC – 21 AD) was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci tribe who is best known for commanding an alliance of Germanic tribes at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, in which three Roman legions under the command of ge ...

destroys three Roman legions in the

Battle of the Teutoburg Forest The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, described as the Varian Disaster () by Ancient Rome, Roman historians, took place at modern Kalkriese in AD 9, when an alliance of Germanic peoples ambushed Roman legions and their auxiliaries, led by Publius ...

, permanently ending Roman efforts to conquer Germanic territories east of the Rhine. * 14: Mutiny of the legions in Germania and Illyricum suppressed by

Germanicus Germanicus Julius Caesar (24 May 15 BC – 10 October AD 19) was an ancient Roman general, known for his campaigns in Germania. The son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia the Younger, Germanicus was born into an influential branch of the Patric ...

and

Drusus Julius Caesar Drusus Julius Caesar (14 BC – 14 September AD 23), was the son of Emperor Tiberius, and heir to the Roman Empire following the death of his adoptive brother Germanicus in AD 19. He was born at Rome to a prominent branch of the ''gens Claud ...

* 17–24:

Tacfarinas Tacfarinas ( Latinised form of Berber Tikfarin or Takfarin; died AD 24) was a Numidian Berber from Thagaste, located in the province of Proconsular Africa (now Souk Ahras, in Algeria), who was a deserter from the Roman army who led his own Mus ...

' revolt in north Africa – revolt suppressed by Publius Cornelius Dolabella * 21: Revolt of the Treveri,

Aedui The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *''Aiduoi'', 'the Ardent'; grc, Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Burgundy region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic ...

Andes (Andecavi) The Andecavi (also Andicavi, Andegavi, or Andigavi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in Aremorica during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Andecavi'' (var. ''andic''-, ''andeg''-, ''andig''-) by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Andecavi'' and '' ...

and Turoni under Julius Florus and Julius Sacrovir in Gaul – revolt suppressed by

Gaius Silius Gaius Silius (died AD 24) was a Roman senator who achieved successes as a general over German barbarians following the disaster of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. For this achievement he was appointed consul in AD 13 with Lucius Munatius Planc ...

and Gaius Calpurnius Aviola * 21: Revolt of the

Coelaletae Koilaletoi ( el, Κοιλαλέτοι) or Coilaletae or Coelaletae is the name of a Thracian tribe. Other parts of this tribe were, the Coelaletae Maiores and Coelaletae Minores. They are mentioned by Tacitus. See also *List of Thracian tribes T ...

, Odrysae and

Dii :''Dii'' ''is also the plural of Latin Deus.'' The Dii (; grc, Δίοι, Díoi) were an independent Thracian tribe, swordsmen, who lived among the foothills of Mount Rhodope in Thrace, and particularly in the east bank of Nestos, from the ...

in Thrace – revolt suppressed by P. Vellaeus * 26: Revolt in

– revolt suppressed by Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus * 28: Revolt of the

Frisii The Frisii were an ancient Germanic tribe living in the low-lying region between the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and the River Ems, and the presumed or possible ancestors of the modern-day ethnic Dutch. The Frisii lived in the coastal area ...

in the

Battle of Baduhenna Wood The Battle of Baduhenna Wood was a battle, possibly fought (but not proven) near Heiloo, Netherlands, in 28 AD between the Frisii and a Roman army led by the Roman general Lucius Apronius. The earliest mention of the Frisii tells of Drusus' 12 B ...

– rebel victory * 36: Revolt of the Cietae in

Cappadocia Cappadocia or Capadocia (; tr, Kapadokya), is a historical region in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It largely is in the provinces Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde. According to Herodotus, in the time of the Ionian Revo ...

– revolt suppressed by Marcus Trebellius * 38: Alexandrian riots * 40: Alexandrian riots * 40–44: Revolt of

Aedemon Aedemon () was a freedman of Berber origins from Mauretania who lived in the 1st century AD. Aedemon was a loyal former household slave to the client King Ptolemy of Mauretania, who was the son of King Juba II and the Ptolemaic Princess Cleopatra ...

and

Sabalus Sabalus was a of Berber warrior from Mauretania, North Africa who lived in the 1st century. Sabalus was one of the tribal chiefs in the Roman Client Kingdom of Mauretania. Little is known of Sabalus’ origins. In late 40, king Ptolemy of Mauretan ...

in Mauretania – revolt suppressed by

Gaius Suetonius Paulinus Gaius Suetonius Paulinus (fl. AD 41–69) was a Roman general best known as the commander who defeated the rebellion of Boudica. Early life Little is known of Suetonius' family, but it likely came from Pisaurum (modern Pesaro), a town on the Adri ...

and

Gnaeus Hosidius Geta Gaius or Gnaeus Hosidius Geta ( ; c. 20 – after 95 AD) was a Roman Senator and general who lived in the 1st century. Geta was a praetor some time before 42. In the latter year, commanding a legion, probably the ''Legio IX Hispana'' in the Afric ...

* 42: Failed usurpation of

Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Tiberius. He was consul in AD 32. Ten years later, he revolted against the emperor Claudius, but was swiftly defeated.''PIR'', vol. I, p. 145. Family Bo ...

in Dalmatia * 46: The Kingdom of Thrace riots against the Romans after the death of King Rhoemetalces III – revolt suppressed * 46–48:

Jacob and Simon uprising The Jacob and Simon uprising was a revolt instigated in Roman Judea by brothers Simon and Jacob in 46–48 CE. The revolt, which was concentrated in the Galilee, began as a sporadic insurgency and when climaxed in 48 CE was quickly put down by Ro ...

in the

Galilee Galilee (; he, הַגָּלִיל, hagGālīl; ar, الجليل, al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon. Galilee traditionally refers to the mountainous part, divided into Upper Galilee (, ; , ) and Lower Galil ...

– revolt suppressed * 60–61:

Boudica Boudica or Boudicca (, known in Latin chronicles as Boadicea or Boudicea, and in Welsh as ()), was a queen of the ancient British Iceni tribe, who led a failed uprising against the conquering forces of the Roman Empire in AD 60 or 61. She ...

's uprising in Britain – revolt suppressed by

* 66–73:

First Jewish–Roman War The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called the Great Jewish Revolt ( he, המרד הגדול '), or The Jewish War, was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews against the Roman Empire, fought in Roman-controlled ...

– revolt suppressed * 68: Revolt in

Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis ( French: ''Gaule Lyonnaise'') was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul formerly known as Celtica. It is named after its capital Lugdunum (today's Lyon ...

under

Gaius Julius Vindex Gaius Julius Vindex (c. AD 2568) was a Roman governor in the province of Gallia Lugdunensis. He was of a noble Gallic family of Aquitania (given senatorial status under Claudius) and was one of the men belonging to a faction of Empress Agrippi ...

– revolt suppressed by Lucius Verginius Rufus' army * 68–69: Year of the Four Emperors, The Year of the Four Emperors between various Romans following the death of Nero (AD 68). After Nero's suicide, the generals Galba, Otho, and Vitellius take the throne within months of each other. Vespasian, General Vespasian, who until that point was fighting the First Jewish-Roman War, revolt in Judaea, is victorious. He founds the Flavian dynasty. * 69: Revolt of Anicetus (pirate), Anicetus in Colchis – revolt suppressed by Virdius Geminus * 69–70: Revolt of the Batavi, Treveri and Lingones in Gaul – revolt suppressed * 79–80: Failed usurpation of Terentius Maximus, a Pseudo-Nero, in Asia * 89: Revolt of Lucius Antonius Saturninus with two legions in Germania Superior – revolt suppressed

2nd century

* 115–117: Kitos War in Egypt, Crete and Cyrenaica, Cyrenaica and Roman Cyprus, Cyprus – revolt suppressed * 117: Revolt in Mauretania – revolt suppressed by Marcius Turbo * 122: Apis (deity), Apis riots in Alexandria * 132–136: Bar Kokhba revolt in Judea – revolt suppressed * 152: Nomadic tribes and brigands in North Africa – suppressed through defense systems and fortifications * 153: Alexandrian riots * 172: Revolt of the Boukoloi in Egypt – revolt suppressed by Avidius Cassius * 175: Failed usurpation of Avidius Cassius in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire * 185: Army mutiny in Britain suppressed by Pertinax * 190: Two revolts in Africa suppressed by Pertinax * 193–197: Year of the Five Emperors, Year of the Five Emperors and subsequent civil war between the generals Septimius Severus, Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus following the assassination of Commodus (AD 192) and the subsequent murders of Pertinax and Didius Julianus (AD 193). Severus is victorious and founds the Severan dynasty.

3rd century

* 218: Battle of Antioch (218), Battle of Antioch, fought between the Emperor Macrinus and his rival Elagabalus and resulting in Macrinus' downfall and his replacement by Elagabalus. * 219: Failed usurpations of Verus (senator), Verus and Gellius Maximus in Syria. * 221: Failed usurpation of Seleucus (Roman usurper), Seleucus, possibly in Moesia * 227: Failed usurpation of Seius Sallustius in Rome * 232: Failed usurpation of Taurinius in Syria. * 235–284: Crisis of the Third Century – at least 26 claimants fought with each other to become emperor and emperors fought against usurpers, resulting in frequent civil war and breakaway Gallic Empire, Gallic Roman (260–274) and Palmyrene Empires (270–273). ** 238: Year of the Six Emperors between various generals against Maximinus Thrax and after his murder. After Gordian I and Gordian II are defeated by a pro-Maximinus Army following an attempt to overthrow the emperor, Maximinus is assassinated. Pupienus, Balbinus, and Gordian III replace him, but the former two are assassinated within months and only Gordian III survives. ** 240: Failed usurpation of Sabinian (proconsul), Sabinianus in Mauretania ** 248–249: Failed usurpations of Jotapianus in Syria and Pacatianus in Moesia. ** 249: Emperor Philip the Arab killed and overthrown by rebels at the Battle of Verona (249), Battle of Verona and replaced by Decius. ** 250: Failed usurpation of Licinianus in Rome. ** 251: Failed usurpation of Titus Julius Priscus in Thrace. ** 252: Failed usurpation of Cyriades in Syria. ** 253: Usurpations of Aemilianus and Valerian (emperor), Valerian: Emperors Trebonianus Gallus and Volusianus murdered by their soldiers and replaced by Aemilianus. Valerian raises the Rhine legions in revolt, while Aemilianus is killed by his own soldiers. ** 254: Failed usurpation of Uranius in Syria. ** 260: Failed usurpations of Ingenuus and Regalianus in Pannonia; possibly of Sponsianus in Dacia. ** 260–261: Failed usurpation of Macrianus Major, Macrianus Minor, Quietus and Balista in the East ** 260–274: The breakaway Gallic Empire ** 261: Failed usurpations of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi (usurper), Lucius Piso and Valens Thessalonicus in Achaea (Roman province), Achaea. ** 261–262: Failed usurpation of Mussius Aemilianus and Memor in Egypt. ** 267: Failed usurpation of Maeonius in Palmyra. ** 268: Failed usurpation of Aureolus in the West. Emperor Gallienus murdered by his soldiers and Claudius Gothicus proclaimed Emperor. ** 270: Usurpation of Aurelian against Quintillus. ** 270–273: The breakaway Palmyrene Empire. ** 271: Failed usurpations of Felicissimus in Rome and Septimius (usurper), Septimius in Dalmatia. ** 275: Aurelian murdered by the Praetorian Guard and replaced by Marcus Claudius Tacitus ** 276: Usurpation of Probus (emperor), Probus against Florianus. ** 280: Failed usurpation of Julius Saturninus in the East. ** 280–281: Failed usurpation of Proculus and Bonosus (usurper), Bonosus in the West. ** 282: Probus (emperor), Probus assassinated by his soldiers. The new emperor Carus may have been involved in the plotting. ** 283–285: Failed usurpation of Sabinus Julianus. ** 284–285: Usurpation of Diocletian against Carinus * 284–286: Bagaudae uprising in Gaul under Aelianus (rebel), Aelianus and Amandus – revolt suppressed * 286–296: Carausian revolt under Carausius and Allectus in Britain and northern Gaul – revolt suppressed * 293: Revolt of the towns of Busiris and Coptos in the Egyptian Thebaid – revolt suppressed by Galerius * 297–298: Failed usurpation of Domitius Domitianus and Achilleus (Roman usurper), Achilleus in Egypt

4th century

* 303: Failed usurpation of Eugenius (Antioch), Eugenius in Roman Syria * 306–324: Civil wars of the Tetrarchy, beginning with the usurpation of Maxentius and the defeat of Flavius Valerius Severus, and ending with the defeat of Licinius at the hands of Constantine I in 324 AD. The Tetrarchy established by Diocletian would break up because of these wars. * 334: Failed usurpation of Calocaerus in Cyprus * 337: Caesar (title), Caesars Dalmatius and Hannibalianus killed by soldiers in a purge orchestrated by Constantius II. * 340: Civil war, when Constans defeated Constantine II (emperor), Constantine II near Aquileia. * 350–353: Roman civil war of 350–353, when Constantius II defeated the usurper Magnentius who had assassinated Constans. * 351–352: Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus in Syria Palaestina – revolt suppressed * 355: Failed usurpation of Claudius Silvanus in Gaul * 361: Usurpation of Julian the Apostate * 365–366: Battle of Thyatira, Revolt of Procopius, when the Emperor Valens defeated the usurpers Procopius (usurper), Procopius and Marcellus (usurper), Marcellus. * 372: Failed usurpation of Theodorus (usurper), Theodorus in Antioch * 372–375: Revolt of Firmus (4th-century usurper), Firmus in Africa – revolt suppressed by Count Theodosius * 383–384: Usurpation of Magnus Maximus in the west and the killing of Gratian by the general Andragathius * 387: Tax riots against Emperor Theodosius I in Antioch. * 387–388: Battle of the Save, Civil War of 387–388, when the Eastern Emperor Theodosius I defeated the Western Emperor Magnus Maximus. * 390: Revolt in Thessalonica culminating in the Massacre of Thessalonica. * 392–394: Battle of the Frigidus, Civil War of 392–394, when the Eastern Emperor Theodosius I defeated the usurper Eugenius. * 398: Gildonic revolt, when the ''Comes'' Gildo rebelled against the Western Emperor Honorius (emperor), Honorius. The revolt was subdued by Stilicho, Flavius Stilicho, the ''magister militum'' of the Western Roman empire. * 399–400: Revolt of Tribigild and Gainas in the Eastern Empire – revolt suppressed

5th century

* 406–413: Civil war as the usurpers Marcus (usurper), Marcus, Gratian (usurper), Gratian, Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor), Constantine III, Constans II (son of Constantine III), Maximus of Hispania, Priscus Attalus, Jovinus, Sebastianus and Heraclianus tried to usurp the throne of Emperor Honorius. All were defeated. * 409–417: Bagaudae uprising in the Loire valley and Brittany * 419–421: Revolt of Maximus of Hispania, Maximus in

– revolt suppressed * 423–425: Civil war, when the usurper Joannes was defeated by the army of Emperor Valentinian III. * 427–429: Civil war, when the ''Comes Africae'' Bonifacius fought inconclusively against the ''Magister militum'' Felix (consul 428), Felix. The civil war was terminated by negotiations brokered by Galla Placidia. * 432: Battle of Rimini (432), Civil war, when the ''Magister militum'' Flavius Aetius was defeated by the rival ''Magister militum'' Bonifacius, who died of wounds sustained in battle soon afterwards, giving Aetius full control over the Western Empire. * 435–437: Bagaudae uprising under Tibatto in Gaul suppressed by Flavius Aetius. * 455: Valentinian III assassinated and overthrown by Petronius Maximus. * 455: Petronius Maximus stoned to death by mob and replaced by Avitus. * 461: Majorian assassinated and overthrown by Ricimer. * 468: Failed usurpation by Arvandus. * 470: Failed usurpation by Romanus (usurper), Romanus. * 472: Anthemius overthrown by Ricimer. * 474: Glycerius overthrown by Julius Nepos. * 475: Julius Nepos overthrown by Orestes (father of Romulus Augustulus), Orestes. * 476: Orestes overthrown by Odoacer. Romulus Augustulus deposed, ending the Western Roman Empire.

References

;Footnotes ;General *Kohn, George Childs, 'Dictionary of Wars, Revised Edition' (Checkmark Books, New York, 1999)